| a | a | a |
EndoTrex
is a theanine spray for children to help combat the affects of ADHD. The
aging mind also needs theanine. Theanine has the
potential to become a natural alternative to Ritalin for treating ADHD.
EndoTrex is an easy to administer root
beer flavored oral
spray containing theanine. Theanine is a free
(non-protein) amino acid. It is a relaxant that increases alpha-waves producing
mental and physical relaxation decreasing stress and anxiety, without inducing
drowsiness. It is useful in combating hyperactivity from overstimulation and
from rebounding from stimulant medication.
For
"Fast Focus", we offer a purse size theanine spray that seems to
come in handy for our child. She thinks the name should be changed to
"Fast Focus" because that is what it provides.
|
For More info on EndoTrex go To NeuroScience Inc. |
|
|
New 60ml
Size
|
EndoTrex
can quickly reduce the dumping/excretion of neurotransmitters and
provide a calming / relaxing effect for ADD or ADHD patients. This
formula is designed to address over-stimulation and is used in young
patients with an increased GABA excretion as often seen in ADD / ADHD. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and regulates neurotransmitter activity to prevent over stimulation/hyperactivity. EndoTrex contains the amino acid theanine, which has been widely studied for its ability to provide a calming effect and prevent over stimulation. Several studies match observations by NeuroScience that theanine reduces norepinephrine and epinephrine activity/turnover and urinary excretion. EndoTrex can quickly reduce high neurotransmitter excretion making them more readily available for brain function. EndoTrex is an easy to administer oral theanine spray and has a pleasant root beer flavor. EndoTrex is prepared without additional amino acids, vitamins, or minerals since these are generally not needed.
|
| Other NeuroScience Products
GobaMax PrevAmine Serene | |
Catecholamines
are neural transmitters, and include dopamine, norepinephrine
and epinephrine (adrenaline). Imbalance of catecholamines can result in
autonomic dysfunction.
Theanine
is a unique free form amino acid. It's a relaxant
that increases alpha-waves producing mental and physical relaxation decreasing
stress and anxiety, without inducing drowsiness. It is the therapeutic element
in green tea, used in many products by the Japanese, however green tea also
contains caffeine.
GABA, or gamma-amino butyric acid, is a
messenger chemical that is essential for optimizing how brain cells transmit
messages to each other and acts to put a damper on unwanted brain signaling
activity
For more information on Endotrex and other Neuroscience
Products,
go To
NeuroScience Inc. http://www.neuroscienceinc.com
Research on Theanine Follows
General Research-Mood enhancement, Alpha waves and
Mental focus
Theanine and ADHD-
Theanine has the potential to become a
natural alternative to Ritalin for treating ADHD.
The Aging Mind
Needs Theanine
In addition to relaxation, research suggests that L-theanine may have biological application in
Most of the research into is currently being conducted in the area of stress
reduction without drowsiness, according to Mr. Smith. “Green tea is very
unique in that it has very high levels of caffeine, even higher than coffee,
depending on the variety. But it has also been noted that green tea is very
calming,” explained Mr. Smith. “So we started to look at this contradictory
situation and our research into L--theanine grew. L-theanine, in small amounts,
is an antagonist to caffeine, so even though you are getting the positive
effects of caffeine, in terms of staying alert, you are not getting the negative
side effects associated with caffeine such as jitters and nausea.” Other areas
of research include using L-theanine as an alternative to Ritalin, controlling
blood pressure, sharpening mental acuity and concentration.
Although green tea contains caffeine,
our L-theanine
spray does not. Neuroscience has observed through testing EndoTrex
that it reduces dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine turnover and urinary
excretion. It quickly reduces high levels of neurotransmitter excretion or
"dumping". This allows the newly released neurotransmitters to be
useful for concentration and brain function.
Hundreds of studies exist showing the many health benefits of green tea. But what makes it the most consumed beverage in the world after water is its pleasant taste and relaxation effect. Both of these qualities—and more—can be traced to a unique, neurologically-active amino acid in tea called L-theanine (gamma-ethylamino-L-glutamic acid).
L-theanine is a free (non-protein) amino acid found almost exclusively in tea plants ((Camellia sp.), constituting between 1 and 2-percent of the dry weight of tea leaves. Attempts to isolate the L-theanine, with its physical and neurological benefits, from the tea leaves were once difficult, expensive, and inefficient. Economically feasible methods of producing the identical L-theanine now exist and do not require a mountain of tea leaves.
Physiological Effects
The calming effect of green tea may seem contradictory to the stimulatory
property of tea's caffeine content but it can be explained by the action of
L-theanine. This amino acid actually acts antagonistically against the
stimulatory effects of caffeine on the nervous system. (1)
Research on human volunteers has demonstrated that L-theanine
creates a sense of relaxation in approximately 30-40 minutes after ingestion via
at least two different mechanisms. First, this amino acid directly
stimulates the production of alpha brain waves, creating a state of deep
relaxation and mental alertness similar to what is achieved through meditation.
Second, L-theanine is involved in the formation of the inhibitory
neurotransmitter, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA influences the levels of
two other neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin, producing the key
relaxation effect. (2)
Alpha Brain Activity
The brain emits weak electrical impulses (brain waves) that can be measured on
the surface of the head. The predominant frequency of electrical impulses
correlates with different types of mental states and activities. Brain waves are
classified into four categories (delta, theta, alpha, and beta)—each with an
associated mental state (Fig. 1). Delta is seen only in the deepest stages of
sleep. Theta is seen in light sleep and drowsiness. Alpha
is present in wakefulness where there is a relaxed and effortless alertness and
Beta is seen in highly stressful situations and where there is difficulty in
mental concentration and focus. It is well known that alpha brain
waves are generated during a relaxed state and therefore alpha waves are used as
an index of relaxation.
![]() |
In one study of these mental responses to L-theanine, brain wave topography showed that alpha waves were observed from the back to the top of a person's head (occipital and parietal regions of the brain) within approximately 40 minutes after the subjects had taken either 50 or 200 mg of L-theanine. In a separate study, the intensity of alpha waves were determined to be dose dependent (with a 200 mg dose showing a significant increase over controls) and detectable after 30 minutes. (2,3)
Additional Benefits
The regulation of blood pressure is partly dependent upon catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in both the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Studies on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed an impressive blood pressure lowering effect with L-theanine. The lowered blood pressure effect was dose-dependent with the highest test dose creating the most significant drop. L-glutamine was used as one of the controls. Although L-glutamine is similar in chemical structure to L-theanine, it did not exhibit an anti-hypertensive effect (Fig. 2). (3)
![]() |
Preliminary studies report that L-theanine has been found to increase the anti-tumor activity of some chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin and idarubicin) and to ameliorate some of the side effects of these drugs. It appears to increase the inhibitory concentration of these drugs in the tumor cells, although the mechanism is not known. At the same time, L-theanine decreased oxidative stress caused by these agents on the normal cells, possibly due to its mild antioxidant activity. In this regard, L-theanine has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation, catalyzed by copper, in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro. (4))
Stress Relief
Stress and anxiety are debilitating conditions that upset the balance of our
hormones leading to a loss of our well-being, performance, and even lifespan.
Stress impairs the immune system, leaving us vulnerable to opportunistic
infections, and can cause depression. In 1998,
pharmaceutical sales of anti-anxiety drugs totaled over 700 million dollars,
while sales of antidepressants totaled close to 5 billion dollars! L-theanine
doesn't make one drowsy, nor does it promote sleep because this amino acid does
not produce theta waves in the brain. It should be noted that if an individual
were already relaxed, taking L-theanine would not produce further relaxation.
Status and Usagee
L-theanine has just recently been introduced to the U.S. market. Japan is
credited with most of the clinical studies and information we possess thus far
on L-theanine but research is ongoing. We do know that it is absorbed from the
small intestine via a sodium-coupled active transport process. It crosses the
blood-brain barrier, as evidenced by the mental effects. L-theanine competes for
absorption in the intestinal tract and the brain with the amino acids found in
the methionine group (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), however the
concentrations of amino acids are unchanged by simultaneous ingestion of
L-theanine.
L-theanine is extremely safe. There are no dietary limits on L-theanine intake by the Japan Food Additive Association. In 1964, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare approved L-theanine for unlimited use in all foods, with the exception of infant foods.
The intended use of L-theanine is that of a mental and physical relaxant that does not induce drowsiness. Although there is no set schedule for taking L-theanine, it may generally be taken at the first signs of stress. Based on the results of the clinical studies, L-theanine is most effective in the range of 50-200 mg, with the effect being felt within 30 minutes and lasting for 8-10 hours. Individuals with high stress levels may increase their dosage of L-theanine to at least 100 mg, with no more than 600 mg being taken in a six hour period. FDA recommends a maximum dose of 1200 mg daily, although the reason for this limit is not clear, due to its demonstrated safety. There are no known adverse reactions to L-theanine and no drug interactions have been reported. L-theanine is not affected by food and may be taken anytime, as needed. Although it is probably safe for pregnant women and nursing mothers, we discourage its use by them pending conclusive research.
Conclusion
Research into L-theanine derived from the contradictory observation that green
tea, with its high caffeine content, produces a very calming effect. The
seemingly multi-dimensional reasons for this relaxation effect will continue to
be studied. Current areas of ongoing research include
using L-theanine as an alternative to Ritalin in children and adults, as a
treatment for PMS, in controlling certain conditions of high blood pressure, in
sharpening mental acuity and concentration, and as an anti-cancer
agent alone and in synergy with other cancer-fighting agents. L-theanine may
find another area of application for its use as a supplement in reducing the
negative side effects of caffeine brought on by the over-consumption of coffee,
soft drinks, or other caffeine-containing substances.
References
1. Kakuda T, Nozawa A, Unno T, et al. Inhibiting effects of
theanine on caffeine stimulation evaluated by EEG in the rat. Biosci Biotechno
Biochem 2000; 64:287-293.
2. Mason R. 200 mg of Zen; L-theanine boosts alpha waves, promotes alert
relaxation. Alternative & Complementary Therapies 2001,April; 7:91-95
3. Juneja LR, Chu D-C, Okubo T, et al. L-theanine
4. Yokozawa T, Dong E. Influence of green tea and its three major components
upon low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Exp Toxicol Pathol 1997; 49(5):329-335.
© 2003
Theanine safely improves
brain function for ADHD
Returning to the subject of theanine’s benefits for the brain, theanine has
also been reported to trigger dopamine release in the striatum via an
interaction with glutamate receptors 1. Dopamine is the brain’s
master regulator of reward and pleasure, and the release of dopamine probably
contributes to the sense of well being associated with theanine intake (or with
drinking green tea). Theanine likewise stimulates norepinephrine release,
perhaps through its effect of increasing GABA levels, since GABA has been
reported to increase norepinephrine release in the brain 2. Because
dopamine and norepinephrine are the neurotransmitters released by drugs such as
Ritalin which are used to treat ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder),
theanine has the potential to become a natural alternative to Ritalin for
treating ADHD 33.
1. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M,
Mochizuki M, Terashima T. Effect of theanine, γ-glutamylethylamide, on
brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Neurochem
Res. 1998;23(5):667-73. [Abstract]
2. Kimura R, Murata T. Effect of
theanine on norepinephrine and serotonin levels in rat brain. Chem Pharm Bull
(Tokyo). 1986;34(7):3053-7.
3. Ueda T, Ozeki M, Okubo T, Juneja LR. Compositions for ameliorating
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [in Japanese]. PCT Patent Application
WO02/100393; Dec. 19, 2002. [Full
text]
Balance your Brain and Balance your life
Abnormal brain function detected by brain imaging or brain
mapping has been interpreted to signify reduced dopamine neurotransmitter
activity. Dopamine plays a critical role in learning, motivation and emotional
memory. Dopamine dysfunction may be particularly responsible for the
hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD. Pharmacological approaches and
non-pharmacological approaches to dopamine dysfunction include stimulants and
particular amino acids such as tyrosine or theanine.
Tyrosine is a precursor of dopamine synthesis and has been studied in several
open-label studies. A four-week open-label trial of L-tyrosine in 15 adults with
residual type ADHD showed significant improvement on target ADHD symptoms after
three weeks of therapy. A study reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry
also found marked clinical response in eight of 12 adults with ADHD treated with
L-tyrosine. ;
L-theanine is an amino acid found in green tea and is marketed in Japan as a nutritional supplement for mood modulation. Recently it has been demonstrated that L-theanine is able to cross the blood brain barrier and produce significant increases in serotonin and dopamine concentrations. In human studies, L-theanine increases the production of alpha-wave brain activity. These effects make the amino acid worthy of further study in ADHD patients.
Thus, a rationale for alternative-based therapies should include strategies to augment (increase) dopamine and/or acetylcholine neurotransmitter activity. Specific amino acid supplements, essential fatty acids, glyconutritional agents and certain vitamins may address these requirements.
About the author: Dr. Jay Lombard is an Assistant Clinical Professor of Neurology at New York Presbyterian Hospital and Cornell Medical School and Director of the Brain Behavior Center in Rockland County, NY. Dr. Lumbard is a co author of Balance Your Brain, Balance Your Life: 28 Days to Feeling Better Than You Ever Have
Chemical ChangesSalloway, who is the immediate past executive director of
the American Neuropsychiatric Association-a group at the interface between
neuroscience, clinical neurology, and psychiatry and mental health
disciplines-calls the relationship between neurotransmitters and aging "a
work in progress." Aging causes a decrease in the enzyme that
synthesizes acetylcholine, possibly contributing to memory loss. Norepinephrine
concentrations vary, which may influence how older people respond to stress.
Dopamine, important not only for motor systems but also for cognitive speed,
finds fewer receptors and may be another factor contributing to executive
dysfunction..
Cognitive Changes
Conscious memory, however, begins to fade when people are
in their 50s, impairing new memory formation and conscious recall of details of
events. Imaging studies show that older people sometimes use different parts of
the brain than do younger people. "It's very likely that this is
compensatory, that they can't use their normal limbic memory circuits as well,
so they are activating nearby circuits as an auxiliary system," Salloway
said.
"What I think is the most exciting area, is
finding modifiers that allow your brain to live longer and help you," said
Salloway.. By Keith Mulvihill
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A brain chemical called
GABA essentially turned back the clocks in the brains of older monkeys, whose
brain function briefly operated at levels normally seen in monkeys less than
half their age.
The finding may one day help scientists reverse similar
age-related deterioration in the brains of people, according to the report
published Friday in the journal Science.
GABA, or gamma-aminobutyric acid, is a messenger chemical
that is essential for optimizing how brain cells transmit messages to each other
and acts to put a damper on unwanted brain signaling activity, explained the
study's lead author Dr. Audie G. Leventhal at the University of Utah School of
Medicine in Salt Lake City.
In the current study, Leventhal's team evaluated how a
brain region called the visual cortex in old and young monkeys responds to
micro-shots of GABA.
Monkeys between the ages of 26 and 32 -- considered very
old for monkeys -- that got GABA directly delivered to their neurons responded
to visual patterns, such as flashing vertical and horizontal lines, in much the
same way as monkeys aged 7 to 9 years old did, according to Leventhal.
Without GABA delivery, the monkeys' aged brains had more
difficulty firing neurons that specifically gauge various aspects of depth
perception, motion and color, explained Leventhal. Instead, older monkeys have
more random firings that make it difficult to observe visual nuances.
In younger monkeys, GABA had no effect since their brains
already had optimal GABA functioning.
"The challenge now is to go and look at a variety of
GABA-increasing drugs and see how they influence other areas of the brain"
and whether or not they improve brain functions known to decline as people age,
such as hearing and memory, said Leventhal.
Nonetheless, the findings raise some hope that a general
decline in GABA may be correctable, explained Leventhal, who noted that people
are born and die with the same nerve cells and more research should be conducted
in preserving their function..
Theanine appears to have a role in the formation of the
inhibitory neurotransmitter Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). GABA interacts with
the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, playing a key role
in the relaxation effect. See Product information on Endotrex For more information on Endotrex and other Neuroscience
Products,
go To
NeuroScience Inc. http://www.neuroscienceinc.com
Home
| Return Policy
| Site Map |
General Links Page |
Contact Us | Services
| Services For Schools
All material protected under copy write law and US. Trademark.
Problems with this site should be e-mailed to Webmaster at
ih2000@incrediblehorizons.com