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EndoTrex is a theanine spray for children to help combat the affects of ADHD. The aging mind also needs theanine. Theanine has the potential to become a natural alternative to Ritalin for treating ADHD.


EndoTrex is an easy to administer
root beer flavored
oral spray containing theanine. Theanine is a free (non-protein) amino acid. It is a relaxant that increases alpha-waves producing mental and physical relaxation decreasing stress and anxiety, without inducing drowsiness. It is useful in combating hyperactivity from overstimulation and from rebounding from stimulant medication.

For "Fast Focus", we offer a purse size theanine spray that seems to come in handy for our child. She thinks the name should be changed to "Fast Focus" because that is what it provides.

 For More info on EndoTrex go To NeuroScience Inc.

endotrex,adhd,theanine
New
60ml
Size
EndoTrex can quickly reduce the dumping/excretion of neurotransmitters and provide a calming / relaxing effect for ADD or ADHD patients. This formula is designed to address over-stimulation and is used in young patients with an increased GABA excretion as often seen in ADD / ADHD.
      GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and regulates neurotransmitter activity to prevent over stimulation/hyperactivity. EndoTrex contains the amino acid theanine, which has been widely studied for its ability to provide a calming effect and prevent over stimulation. Several studies match observations by NeuroScience that theanine reduces norepinephrine and epinephrine activity/turnover and urinary excretion. EndoTrex can quickly reduce high neurotransmitter excretion making them more readily available for brain function.
      EndoTrex is an easy to administer oral theanine spray and has a pleasant root beer flavor. EndoTrex is prepared without additional amino acids, vitamins, or minerals since these are generally not needed.

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Other NeuroScience Products GobaMax
PrevAmine
Serene

Quantity:
  $26.95 EndoTrex (New 60ml Larger size) provide a calming / relaxing effect for ADD or ADHD patients.

Catecholamines are neural transmitters, and include dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline). Imbalance of catecholamines can result in autonomic dysfunction.

Theanine is a unique free form amino acid. It's a relaxant that increases alpha-waves producing mental and physical relaxation decreasing stress and anxiety, without inducing drowsiness. It is the therapeutic element in green tea, used in many products by the Japanese, however green tea also contains caffeine.

GABA, or gamma-amino butyric acid, is a messenger chemical that is essential for optimizing how brain cells transmit messages to each other and acts to put a damper on unwanted brain signaling activity

For more information on Endotrex and other Neuroscience Products,
go
To NeuroScience Inc. http://www.neuroscienceinc.com

Research on Theanine Follows
General Research-Mood enhancement, Alpha waves and Mental focus
Theanine and ADHD-

                 
Theanine has the potential to become a natural alternative to Ritalin for treating ADHD.

The Aging Mind Needs Theanine


In addition to relaxation, research suggests that L-theanine may have biological application in

1) diminishing symptoms of stress and anxiety in humans and pets,
2) improving ability to learn,
3) heightening mental acuity & neurotransmitter production,
4) promoting concentration and alpha brain waves,
5) Reducing the negative effects of caffeine and stimulants,
6) supporting the immune system,
7) lowering blood pressure,
8) increasing formation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
9) increasing brain dopamine levels among other positive benefits with no known downside,
10) reducing PMS symptoms
11)Optimizing neuron communication in the aging mind



Most of the research into is currently being conducted in the area of stress reduction without drowsiness, according to Mr. Smith. “Green tea is very unique in that it has very high levels of caffeine, even higher than coffee, depending on the variety. But it has also been noted that green tea is very calming,” explained Mr. Smith. “So we started to look at this contradictory situation and our research into L--theanine grew. L-theanine, in small amounts, is an antagonist to caffeine, so even though you are getting the positive effects of caffeine, in terms of staying alert, you are not getting the negative side effects associated with caffeine such as jitters and nausea.” Other areas of research include using L-theanine as an alternative to Ritalin, controlling blood pressure, sharpening mental acuity and concentration. 

Although green tea contains caffeine,  our L-theanine spray does not. Neuroscience has observed through testing EndoTrex that it reduces dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine turnover and urinary excretion. It quickly reduces high levels of neurotransmitter excretion or "dumping". This allows the newly released neurotransmitters to be useful for concentration and brain function.

Documented Safety -


L-Theanine: How a Unique Anxiety Reducer and Mood Enhancer Increases Alpha Waves and Alertness (Condensed)

by Carolyn Perrini, CLS, CNC

Hundreds of studies exist showing the many health benefits of green tea. But what makes it the most consumed beverage in the world after water is its pleasant taste and relaxation effect. Both of these qualities—and more—can be traced to a unique, neurologically-active amino acid in tea called L-theanine (gamma-ethylamino-L-glutamic acid).

L-theanine is a free (non-protein) amino acid found almost exclusively in tea plants ((Camellia sp.), constituting between 1 and 2-percent of the dry weight of tea leaves. Attempts to isolate the L-theanine, with its physical and neurological benefits, from the tea leaves were once difficult, expensive, and inefficient. Economically feasible methods of producing the identical L-theanine now exist and do not require a mountain of tea leaves.

Physiological Effects
The calming effect of green tea may seem contradictory to the stimulatory property of tea's caffeine content but it can be explained by the action of L-theanine. This amino acid actually acts antagonistically against the stimulatory effects of caffeine on the nervous system. (1) Research on human volunteers has demonstrated that L-theanine creates a sense of relaxation in approximately 30-40 minutes after ingestion via at least two different mechanisms. First, this amino acid directly stimulates the production of alpha brain waves, creating a state of deep relaxation and mental alertness similar to what is achieved through meditation. Second, L-theanine is involved in the formation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA influences the levels of two other neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin, producing the key relaxation effect. (2)

Alpha Brain Activity
The brain emits weak electrical impulses (brain waves) that can be measured on the surface of the head. The predominant frequency of electrical impulses correlates with different types of mental states and activities. Brain waves are classified into four categories (delta, theta, alpha, and beta)—each with an associated mental state (Fig. 1). Delta is seen only in the deepest stages of sleep. Theta is seen in light sleep and drowsiness. Alpha is present in wakefulness where there is a relaxed and effortless alertness and Beta is seen in highly stressful situations and where there is difficulty in mental concentration and focus. It is well known that alpha brain waves are generated during a relaxed state and therefore alpha waves are used as an index of relaxation.

endotrex, theanine, adhd

In one study of these mental responses to L-theanine, brain wave topography showed that alpha waves were observed from the back to the top of a person's head (occipital and parietal regions of the brain) within approximately 40 minutes after the subjects had taken either 50 or 200 mg of L-theanine. In a separate study, the intensity of alpha waves were determined to be dose dependent (with a 200 mg dose showing a significant increase over controls) and detectable after 30 minutes. (2,3)

Additional Benefits

The regulation of blood pressure is partly dependent upon catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in both the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Studies on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed an impressive blood pressure lowering effect with L-theanine. The lowered blood pressure effect was dose-dependent with the highest test dose creating the most significant drop. L-glutamine was used as one of the controls. Although L-glutamine is similar in chemical structure to L-theanine, it did not exhibit an anti-hypertensive effect (Fig. 2). (3)

theanine, endotrex

Preliminary studies report that L-theanine has been found to increase the anti-tumor activity of some chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin and idarubicin) and to ameliorate some of the side effects of these drugs. It appears to increase the inhibitory concentration of these drugs in the tumor cells, although the mechanism is not known. At the same time, L-theanine decreased oxidative stress caused by these agents on the normal cells, possibly due to its mild antioxidant activity. In this regard, L-theanine has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation, catalyzed by copper, in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro. (4))

Stress Relief
Stress and anxiety are debilitating conditions that upset the balance of our hormones leading to a loss of our well-being, performance, and even lifespan. Stress impairs the immune system, leaving us vulnerable to opportunistic infections, and can cause depression. In 1998, pharmaceutical sales of anti-anxiety drugs totaled over 700 million dollars, while sales of antidepressants totaled close to 5 billion dollars! L-theanine doesn't make one drowsy, nor does it promote sleep because this amino acid does not produce theta waves in the brain. It should be noted that if an individual were already relaxed, taking L-theanine would not produce further relaxation.

Status and Usagee
L-theanine has just recently been introduced to the U.S. market. Japan is credited with most of the clinical studies and information we possess thus far on L-theanine but research is ongoing. We do know that it is absorbed from the small intestine via a sodium-coupled active transport process. It crosses the blood-brain barrier, as evidenced by the mental effects. L-theanine competes for absorption in the intestinal tract and the brain with the amino acids found in the methionine group (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), however the concentrations of amino acids are unchanged by simultaneous ingestion of L-theanine.

L-theanine is extremely safe. There are no dietary limits on L-theanine intake by the Japan Food Additive Association. In 1964, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare approved L-theanine for unlimited use in all foods, with the exception of infant foods.

The intended use of L-theanine is that of a mental and physical relaxant that does not induce drowsiness. Although there is no set schedule for taking L-theanine, it may generally be taken at the first signs of stress. Based on the results of the clinical studies, L-theanine is most effective in the range of 50-200 mg, with the effect being felt within 30 minutes and lasting for 8-10 hours. Individuals with high stress levels may increase their dosage of L-theanine to at least 100 mg, with no more than 600 mg being taken in a six hour period. FDA recommends a maximum dose of 1200 mg daily, although the reason for this limit is not clear, due to its demonstrated safety. There are no known adverse reactions to L-theanine and no drug interactions have been reported. L-theanine is not affected by food and may be taken anytime, as needed. Although it is probably safe for pregnant women and nursing mothers, we discourage its use by them pending conclusive research.

Conclusion
Research into L-theanine derived from the contradictory observation that green tea, with its high caffeine content, produces a very calming effect. The seemingly multi-dimensional reasons for this relaxation effect will continue to be studied. Current areas of ongoing research include using L-theanine as an alternative to Ritalin in children and adults, as a treatment for PMS, in controlling certain conditions of high blood pressure, in sharpening mental acuity and concentration, and as an anti-cancer agent alone and in synergy with other cancer-fighting agents. L-theanine may find another area of application for its use as a supplement in reducing the negative side effects of caffeine brought on by the over-consumption of coffee, soft drinks, or other caffeine-containing substances.

References
1. Kakuda T, Nozawa A, Unno T, et al. Inhibiting effects of theanine on caffeine stimulation evaluated by EEG in the rat. Biosci Biotechno Biochem 2000; 64:287-293.
2. Mason R. 200 mg of Zen; L-theanine boosts alpha waves, promotes alert relaxation. Alternative & Complementary Therapies 2001,April; 7:91-95
3. Juneja LR, Chu D-C, Okubo T, et al. L-theanine a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Trends Food Sci Tech 1999; 10:199-204.
4. Yokozawa T, Dong E. Influence of green tea and its three major components upon low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Exp Toxicol Pathol 1997; 49(5):329-335.

© 2003


Theanine safely improves brain function for ADHD 

Returning to the subject of theanine’s benefits for the brain, theanine has also been reported to trigger dopamine release in the striatum via an interaction with glutamate receptors 1. Dopamine is the brain’s master regulator of reward and pleasure, and the release of dopamine probably contributes to the sense of well being associated with theanine intake (or with drinking green tea). Theanine likewise stimulates norepinephrine release, perhaps through its effect of increasing GABA levels, since GABA has been reported to increase norepinephrine release in the brain 2. Because dopamine and norepinephrine are the neurotransmitters released by drugs such as Ritalin which are used to treat ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), theanine has the potential to become a natural alternative to Ritalin for treating ADHD 33.

 1. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M, Mochizuki M, Terashima T. Effect of theanine, γ-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Neurochem Res. 1998;23(5):667-73. [Abstract]
2. Kimura R, Murata T. Effect of theanine on norepinephrine and serotonin levels in rat brain. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1986;34(7):3053-7.
3. Ueda T, Ozeki M, Okubo T, Juneja LR. Compositions for ameliorating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [in Japanese]. PCT Patent Application WO02/100393; Dec. 19, 2002. [Full text]

Balance your Brain and Balance your life

Abnormal brain function detected by brain imaging or brain mapping has been interpreted to signify reduced dopamine neurotransmitter activity. Dopamine plays a critical role in learning, motivation and emotional memory. Dopamine dysfunction may be particularly responsible for the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD. Pharmacological approaches and non-pharmacological approaches to dopamine dysfunction include stimulants and particular amino acids such as tyrosine or  theanine. 

Tyrosine is a precursor of dopamine synthesis and has been studied in several open-label studies. A four-week open-label trial of L-tyrosine in 15 adults with residual type ADHD showed significant improvement on target ADHD symptoms after three weeks of therapy. A study reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry also found marked clinical response in eight of 12 adults with ADHD treated with L-tyrosine. ;

L-theanine is an amino acid found in green tea and is marketed in Japan as a nutritional supplement for mood modulation. Recently it has been demonstrated that L-theanine is able to cross the blood brain barrier and produce significant increases in serotonin and dopamine concentrations. In human studies, L-theanine increases the production of alpha-wave brain activity. These effects make the amino acid worthy of further study in ADHD patients.

Thus, a rationale for alternative-based therapies should include strategies to augment (increase) dopamine and/or acetylcholine neurotransmitter activity. Specific amino acid supplements, essential fatty acids, glyconutritional agents and certain vitamins may address these requirements.

About the author: Dr. Jay Lombard is an Assistant Clinical Professor of Neurology at New York Presbyterian Hospital and Cornell Medical School and Director of the Brain Behavior Center in Rockland County, NY. Dr. Lumbard is a co author of Balance Your Brain, Balance Your Life: 28 Days to Feeling Better Than You Ever Have


The Aging Brain (condensed)

by Susie Blackmun 

Chemical ChangesSalloway, who is the immediate past executive director of the American Neuropsychiatric Association-a group at the interface between neuroscience, clinical neurology, and psychiatry and mental health disciplines-calls the relationship between neurotransmitters and aging "a work in progress." Aging causes a decrease in the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine, possibly contributing to memory loss. Norepinephrine concentrations vary, which may influence how older people respond to stress. Dopamine, important not only for motor systems but also for cognitive speed, finds fewer receptors and may be another factor contributing to executive dysfunction..

Cognitive Changes

Conscious memory, however, begins to fade when people are in their 50s, impairing new memory formation and conscious recall of details of events. Imaging studies show that older people sometimes use different parts of the brain than do younger people. "It's very likely that this is compensatory, that they can't use their normal limbic memory circuits as well, so they are activating nearby circuits as an auxiliary system," Salloway said.

"What I think is the most exciting area, is finding modifiers that allow your brain to live longer and help you," said Salloway..

Brain Chemical May Thwart Ravages of Aging: Study (condensed)

By Keith Mulvihill

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A  brain chemical called GABA essentially turned back the clocks in the brains of older monkeys, whose brain function briefly operated at levels normally seen in monkeys less than half their age.

The finding may one day help scientists reverse similar age-related deterioration in the brains of people, according to the report published Friday in the journal Science.

GABA, or gamma-aminobutyric acid, is a messenger chemical that is essential for optimizing how brain cells transmit messages to each other and acts to put a damper on unwanted brain signaling activity, explained the study's lead author Dr. Audie G. Leventhal at the University of Utah School of Medicine in Salt Lake City.

In the current study, Leventhal's team evaluated how a brain region called the visual cortex in old and young monkeys responds to micro-shots of GABA.

Monkeys between the ages of 26 and 32 -- considered very old for monkeys -- that got GABA directly delivered to their neurons responded to visual patterns, such as flashing vertical and horizontal lines, in much the same way as monkeys aged 7 to 9 years old did, according to Leventhal.

Without GABA delivery, the monkeys' aged brains had more difficulty firing neurons that specifically gauge various aspects of depth perception, motion and color, explained Leventhal. Instead, older monkeys have more random firings that make it difficult to observe visual nuances.

In younger monkeys, GABA had no effect since their brains already had optimal GABA functioning.

"The challenge now is to go and look at a variety of GABA-increasing drugs and see how they influence other areas of the brain" and whether or not they improve brain functions known to decline as people age, such as hearing and memory, said Leventhal.

Nonetheless, the findings raise some hope that a general decline in GABA may be correctable, explained Leventhal, who noted that people are born and die with the same nerve cells and more research should be conducted in preserving their function..

Theanine appears to have a role in the formation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). GABA interacts with the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, playing a key role in the relaxation effect. See Product information on  Endotrex

For more information on Endotrex and other Neuroscience Products,
go
To NeuroScience Inc. http://www.neuroscienceinc.com

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